統(tǒng)計(jì)和工藝驗(yàn)證：FDA現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷

發(fā)布日期：2019-07-14 12:51:52 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

    Statistics and Process Validation: current Findings of the FDA

    統(tǒng)計(jì)和工藝驗(yàn)證：FDA現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷

    The “new” FDA's process validation guideline has been effective since January 2011. One considerable change was made to the original validation guideline from 1987 to put a significantly greater emphasis on statistics in the context of process validation. So far, relatively few inspection deficiencies had been observed by the FDA with regard to statistics. At a conference in September 2015 co-sponsored by the FDA, Grace McNally - Senior FDA official - reported about current “findings” in the 483s deficiency reports and in Establishment Inspection Reports （EIR）。 Now, deficiencies regarding statistical problematics can also be found here.

    “新的”FDA工藝驗(yàn)證指南自2011年1月開始生效。它與1987年指南相比有一個(gè)重大的變化，就是重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了工藝驗(yàn)證中的統(tǒng)計(jì)。到目前為止，F(xiàn)DA在統(tǒng)計(jì)方面并沒(méi)有報(bào)告出更多的缺陷。在2015年9月由FDA的GRACE MCNALLY---FDA資深官員---主持的會(huì)議中總結(jié)了目前在483缺陷表和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查報(bào)告EIR中的缺陷。其中也有關(guān)于統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺陷。

    For example, it has been criticised that a （statistical） sampling plan had be misinterpreted. Wrong AQL values with regard to the number of samples have been noted based on MIL-STD-105D. Moreover, it has been criticised that the company didn't know the operation characteristics of its sampling plan.

    例如，有一個(gè)缺陷是說(shuō)（統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）取樣方案被錯(cuò)誤解釋。一個(gè)取樣量AQL值，根據(jù)MIL-STD-105D，這個(gè)AQL值是錯(cuò)誤的。另外，公司并不知道其取樣方案的操作特點(diǎn)。

    Another criticised “finding” was that PPQ batches had been considered as “accepted” when all in-process controls and release specifications were met. It has also been criticised that no intra-batch variabilities have been examined. In addition, it has been noticed that there was no information available in the validation plan concerning the assessment of the process itself. There was also no indication about the objective of the determination of inter-batch variabilities.

    另一個(gè)缺陷是在當(dāng)符合所有中控和放行批準(zhǔn)時(shí)PPQ批被“接受”。還有缺陷是沒(méi)有檢查批間差異。另外，檢查還注意到在驗(yàn)證計(jì)劃中沒(méi)有關(guān)于工藝本身的評(píng)估，也沒(méi)有批間差異的確認(rèn)目標(biāo)說(shuō)明。

    Although OOS results had been found in 2 out of 4 PPQ batches, reduced IPC tests have been recommended in the PPQ report giving the justification that this was a standard procedure. Regarding this point, the FDA criticises the lack of scientific rationales for reduced sampling and monitoring. Interestingly, Grace McNally mentions possibilities for rationales of IPC sampling plans and the adaptation to a reduced size. In this context, she refers to the ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 norm and ISO 2859 wherby it is expressly pointed out that the ANSI norm recommends the production of at least 10 successful batches before reducing testing. According to the ISO norm even 15 successful batches are necessary.

    盡管在4個(gè)PPQ批中發(fā)現(xiàn)了2個(gè)OOS結(jié)果，在PPQ報(bào)告中還是建議減少IPC測(cè)試，論證說(shuō)這是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序。關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)DA批評(píng)說(shuō)這樣減少取樣和監(jiān)測(cè)是缺陷科學(xué)合理性的。有意思的是，GRACE MCNALLY提到IPC取樣方案合理性，和減少樣品量的合理性的可能性。在此，她引用了ANSI/ASQ Z1.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和ISO2859，指出ANSI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建議在減少測(cè)試之前至少生產(chǎn)10個(gè)成功批次。如果根據(jù)ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就需要有15個(gè)成功的批次。

    The FDA notified a tablet process, criticising the fact that no rationales for warning and action limits were available. Furthermore, it has been criticised that no analyses on variabilities were available although they had been required internally and no capacity indices had been determined. There have been no analyses on the distribution of data, neither planned nor performed. The FDA also remarked that the calculation of variabilities is necessary to be able to make statements about process capacities.

    FDA報(bào)告了一個(gè)片劑工藝，批評(píng)其警戒限和行動(dòng)限沒(méi)有合理性。另外，還批評(píng)其沒(méi)有對(duì)變量進(jìn)行分析，雖然內(nèi)部有這個(gè)要求，并且也沒(méi)有確定產(chǎn)能指標(biāo)。沒(méi)有制訂計(jì)劃或?qū)嵤?duì)數(shù)據(jù)分布情況的分析。FDA還說(shuō)需要進(jìn)行變更計(jì)算從而能夠說(shuō)明工藝能力。

    Conclusion: Reinforcing the emphasis on statistics in the US FDA Process Validation Guideline from 2011 hasn't been really often addressed in the official deficiencies reports. This seems to be changing.

編輯：foodnews